Otto Neurath (1882-1945) was a highly unorthodox thinker both in philosophy and economics. The contributions to this sparkling new book conclude that Neurath touched on many of the most critical problems of economic theory during its formative years as a modern discipline. His economics provide insights into the foundational problems of modern economics and should encourage contemporary economic theorists to critically reflect their own hidden presumptions.

E n est e a r tícul o e l auto r s e pr e gunt a s i l a teorí a socia l de l derech o pued e apo r tar un a contribució n especí f ic a a u n concept o d e justici a via b l e h o y e n día , frent e a l o que sobr e ell a pued e deci r l a f ilosofí (...) a moral , polític a y jurídica . E n s u opinión , lo s conceptos d e autopoiesi s y deconst r ucció n (Luhman n y De r rida ) tiene n e l potencia l su f icient e para act iv a r ta l contribució n e n do s direccione s diferentes : reconst r ucció n d e un a geneal o gía d e l a justici a y obse r v ació n d e la s paradoja s decisionale s de l derech o mode r no . E l planteamient o genealógic o intent a descubri r la s con e xione s oculta s entr e l a semántic a d e la justici a y l a est r uctur a socia l (l o cual , po r otr o lado , pued e desemboca r e n l a refo r mulació n d e u n concept o plausi b l e d e justici a e n la s condicione s actuales) . U n procedimiento deconst r uct ivo pe r mite , a s u v ez , obse r v a r e l hiat o e xistent e entr e la s est r uctura s jurídicas y la s decisiones , u n hiat o qu e pr o v oc a impo r tante s paradoja s e n lo s proceso s d e tom a de decisione s jurídicas . Mediant e ta l obse r v ació n e s posi b l e alcanza r un a comprensió n más profund a d e l a justicia , qu e e l auto r inte r preta , e n últim a instancia , com o u n proces o de autodescripció n de l derech o qu e soc a va e l carácte r recurs ivo d e la s operacione s jurídicas y qu e fuerz a a l derech o a s u autotrascendencia , per o qu e s e sabote a a s í mism o po r qu e en s u realizació n cre a siempr e un a nu eva injusticia : un a e xperienci a cuy a elaboració n literaria anticip ó Heinric h v o n Kleis t e n s u n o v el a Mi c hae l K ohlhaas. (shrink)

Manfred Eigen employs the terms language and communication to explain key recombination processes of DNA as well as to explain the self-organization of human language and communication: Life processes as well as language and communication processes are governed by the logic of a molecular syntax, which is the exact depiction of a principally formalizable reality.

The Heythrop Journal, Volume 63, Issue 5, Page 1023-1023, September 2022.

Este artigo aborda os problemas teóricos da concepção da soberania popular que consistem no fato de que a idéia de todo o povo reunido enquanto sujeito da soberania é uma ficção.As ambivalências lógicas do conceito de soberania do povo serão analisadas através de uma reconstrução crítica das respectivas teorias de Bodin e Rousseau assim como da teoria de democracia de Ingeborg Maus,que,por sua vez,apresenta uma nova interpretação da teoria Kantiana de democracia.Em contraposição às teorias ilusórias e utópicas de democracia fundamentadas (...) na concepção da soberania popular, apresentaremos uma teoria alternativa de democracia representativa que se destaca pelo seu realismo político. . (shrink)

Die Veröffentlichung dieser Arbeit wurde durch mißliche Umstände ver­ zögert; sie wird durch die Übernahme in den Verlag Friedr. Vieweg & Sohn nunmehr ermöglicht. Trotzdem braucht im Augenblick nichts hinzugefügt werden. Eine soeben erschienene Arbeit von O. Heckmann, P. Jordan 1 und W. Fricke ) stellt erst den ersten Teil einer noch im Fluß befindlichen Diskussion von Lösungen der in diesem Büchlein aufgestellten allgemeinen Feldgleichungen dar. In dieser Darstellung wird ein kurzer Überblick über die neueren Ergeb­ nisse der projektiven Relativitätstheorie (...) seit dem Erscheinen der schönen 2 Zusammenfassung von O. Veblen ) im Jahre 1933 gegeben. Der wesent­ lichste Schritt in dieser Weiterentwicklung wurde von P. Jordan im Jahre 1944 getan. Die allgemeine affine (Einsteinsehe) Relativitätstheorie wird als be­ kannt vorausgesetzt. Die projektive Theorie wird aber von Grund· auf mit Einschluß der Jordansehen Erweiterung entwickelt. Eine eingehendere Übersicht über den Inhalt, der die Ergebnisse einiger Arbeiten von P. J or­ dan, Cl. Müll e r und dem Verfasser sowie noch unveröffentlichte Ergeb­ nisse enthält, findet der Leser im ersten einleitenden Abschnitt. Ganz besonders herzlich möchte ich Herrn P. Jordan danken für die Anregung zu diesen Untersuchungen, für das große Interesse, mit dem er den Fortgang der Arbeiten verfolgte, und für die Förderung durch wert­ volle Diskussionen und Anregungen zu interessanten Fragestellungen. (shrink)

In the first part of the essay G. Wohlfart examines fragments (mostly unpublished) in which Nietzsche criticises freedom of the will as the 'calamitous invention of the philosophers'. Then, consequently, he describes the will to power as a will without willing, so that he can analyse the 'third transformation of the spirit' in Zarathustra, showing that it comes from Nietzsche's reading of Heraclitus' 52nd Fragment. The child from the third transformation is thus the aeon from Fragment 52, and the aeon (...) is the 'world-child' whose 'playing in the world' bears the name 'will to power'. (shrink)

Although Heidegger’s and Merleau-Ponty’s discussion of the problem of art and space leads in part to comparable results, the differences between the two phenomenological approaches should also be pointed out. As such a difference the relationship between the space of art (and craft) and the space of nature is first brought into view - as described by Heidegger in §§ 22-24 of Being and Time (1927) and by Merleau-Ponty in §§ 29-33 of his second fundamental work Phenomenology o f Perception (...) (1945). More concrete studies of space and art can be found in later texts by the two philosophers. For this comparison Merleau-Ponty’s essays “Cézanne’s Doubt” (1945), “Indirect Language and the Voices of Silence” (1952) and in particular “Eye and Mind” (1961) as well as Heidegger’s texts “Building Dwelling Thinking” (1951) “Remarks on Art - Sculpture - Space” (1964, published 1996 in German: “Bemerkungen zu Kunst - Plastik - Raum”) and “Art and Space” (1969) are regarded. (shrink)

Das vorliegende Buch ist dem frühbyzantinischen Dichter Christodor aus der ägyptischen Stadt Koptos und seinem einzigen größeren erhaltenen Werk, der 416 Hexameter langen ЕКΦРАΣΙΣ των αγαλμάτων των ɛις τò δημόσιον γυμνάσιον του επιϰαλουμένου Ζευξίππου gewidmet – wohl die umfangreichste Studie zu diesem Dichter und Werk bisher überhaupt.

Working within the framework of Thomistic metaphysics, Mariusz Tabaczek O. P. has developed a version of Catholic theistic evolution that includes speciation, human origins, and the origin of life. He assigns biological evolution to the domain of divine governance rather than that of _creatio ex nihilo_ which only applies to primitive matter and human souls. This article reviews Tabaczek’s work with an emphasis on his argument for the compatibility of hylomorphism and evolutionary change through the eduction of novel substantial forms.

This essay is a critique of a version of progressive creation developed by Michael Chaberek, O. P. He holds that there are exceptions to evolutionary descent due to the supernatural production of “natural species,” taxa that allegedly do not have biological ancestry, are theologically identified with biblical kinds, and are metaphysically characterized by distinct substantial forms. Chaberek’s assertion that these natural species correspond “roughly” to the Linnaean taxa of biological families contradicts modern scientific conclusions regarding the continuity of evolutionary descent. (...) To illustrate this conflict, I examine some of the extensive evidence for the evolutionary origins of families within the Feliformia sub-order. I conclude that Chaberek’s assertion of supernatural progressive creation is a God-of-the-gaps theology burdened by a defensive stance with respect to scientific progress. (shrink)

Neste artigo quer-se delinear o conceito de competência discursiva como um caso especial de competência comunicativa, tanto quanto o Discurso é um caso especial de agir comunicativo. Parte-se da discussão de competência dentro do processo de aprendizagem e do desenvolvimento moral, e dentro dela a competência linguística e a competência comunicativa. Faz-se o desenvolvimento da noção de competência discursiva como capacidade de argumentar racionalmente, de reconhecer o outro e os seus argumentos e de fazer acordos em torno do melhor argumento. (...) Inclui também a capacidade de universalizar o processo argumentativo. O desenvolvimento da competência discursiva está vinculado ao desenvolvimento moral de indivíduos, grupos sociais e sociedade. Conclui-se que existe sim uma competência discursiva e que esta pode ser desenvolvida, não apenas como habilidade técnica, mas também como desenvolvimento moral. (shrink)

The use of growth attenuation therapy (GAT) is becoming more common in order to enable a family to care for a child with profound cognitive and physical disabilities (PCPD) as they age into adulthood. The first published study on the use of GAT was done with the family of a six-year-old girl with PCPD by Daniel Gunther and Douglas Diekema in Pediatrics in 2006. The ethical application of GAT generated considerable discussion on the use among children with PCPD in (...) the medical and ethics communities. This paper discusses the use of GAT for children with profound cognitive and physical disabilities from a Catholic bioethics perspective. (shrink)

This collection of essays is a sequel to the editors' 1976 volume Studies in Nietzsche and the Classical Tradition. Philosophers, theologians, and literary historians discuss important aspects of Nietzsche's attack on Judaism and Christianity. The book contains studies of his view of biblical figures, Luther and Pascal as well as comparisons of his thought with that of Spinoza, Lessing, Heine, and Kierkegaard. Nietzsche's critique of the Old Testament, the Jewish religion of the diaspora, and historical Christianity are also investigated. Of (...) the eighteen articles included here, thirteen were prepared expressly for this volume--five were translated from German, one from French, and one from Hebrew. Contributors to this volume are: Eugen Biser, Harry Neumann, Israel Eldad, Charles Lewis, Jorg Salaquarda, Joan Stambaugh, Max L. Baeumer, Brendan Donellan, Diana Behler, Sander L. Gilman, Gerd-Gunther Grau, Josef Simon, James C. O'Flaherty, Bernd Magnus, Georges Goedert, Hans Lung, and Karl Barth. (shrink)

O presente artigo visa apresentar, dialogar e também levantar algumas críticas à teoria da argumentação de Klaus Günther. O jusfilósofo demonstra que há dois tipos de discurso, a saber, o discurso de justificação e o discurso de aplicação. O discurso de justificação parte do princípio universal “U” – já conhecido da ética do discurso. Sua função é a justificação por meio da consideração de todos os interesses envolvidos. Segundo Günther, o engano do discurso de justificação foi entender a validade de (...) uma norma como contendo cada um das suas situações de aplicação. Por sua vez, o discurso de aplicação tem por objetivo considerar as particularidades da situação a fim de verificar qual norma é a mais adequada para o contexto em questão. Palavras-chave : Justificação. Aplicação. Validade. Adequabilidade. Imparcialidade. (shrink)

O texto busca refletir criticamente sobre alguns fenômenos sociais contemporâneos, fortemente imbricados, notadamente as tendências contemporâneas de entrincheiramento e achatamento do eu; o reforço da iconomania e da compulsiva produção de avatares de si, em meio a bolhas narcísicas digitais, franqueadas pelas recentes tecnologias de informação e comunicação; e a virtual destruição da intimidade e da privacidade, diante da emergência de panópticos digitais e da vigilância algorítmica. Para tanto, toma-se como ponto de partida proposições apresentadas por Christopher Lasch em sua (...) obra _The Minimal Self: Psychic Survival in Troubled Times_, publicada originalmente em 1984, em particular a própria noção de mínimo eu, as quais são, então, entretecidas com argumentos de Christophe Dejours, Günther Anders, Theodor Adorno, Hebert Marcuse, Jonathan Crary, entre outros. Em acréscimo, busca-se salientar a ancoragem desses processos à hodierna dinâmica de acumulação de capital, a partir da crítica da economia política, perspectiva que atravessa todo o texto, bem como assinalar a atualidade do pensamento de Lasch. (shrink)

O objetivo principal deste artigo é analisar e problematizar a ideia de coerência na teoria da argumentação proposta pelo jus filósofo Klaus Günther. Para isso, será demonstrada a separação realizada por ele entre o discurso de justificação e o discurso de aplicação. O primeiro opera no nível de validade de normas, o qual preza pela consideração de todos os interesses envolvidos, enquanto que o segundo preocupa-se com a consideração das características relevantes de uma situação concreta a fim de encontrar a (...) norma mais bem adequada à situação. A tese defendida aqui é a de que a separação dos discursos consolidam a ideia de democracia e também que a coerência gera uma otimização normativa na aplicação, além de oferecer a ideia de um sistema normativo coerente na moral e no direito. (shrink)

In diesem Buch stellt sich die Frage nach der Wahrheit nicht über den Gegensatz von wahr und falsch, sondern im Zusammenhang mit verschiedenen Modi der Gewißheit: Wahrheit in ihren komplexen Beziehungen zu praktischen Fragen und der Notwendigkeit von Urteilen. Diese Fragen werden systematisch differenziert und historisch diskutiert. Die Autorin verdeutlicht mit dem Nachweis der entscheidenden Funktion der Urteilskraft die Verbindungen und Bruchstellen zwischen theoretischer und praktischer Philosophie. Der Urteilskraft kommt als einer individuellen Fähigkeit die Aufgabe zu, die Reaktion Anderer auf (...) das eigene Fürwahrhalten ohne eine letzte allgemeine Regel einzuschätzen. Theoretische Philosophie geht hier in politische Philosophie (Kant) bzw. in Philosophie der Psychologie (Wittgenstein) über. (shrink)

The objective of this article is to analyse the value-ladenness of technology in the context of medicine. To address this issue several characteristics of technology are investigated: i) its interventive capacity, ii) its expansiveness and iii) its influence on the concept of disease, iv) its generalising character, v) its independence of the subjective experience of the patient. By this analysis I hope to unveil the double face of technology: Technology has a Janus-face in modern medicine, and the opposite of its (...) factual face is evaluative. (shrink)

--2. Bd. Des Sokrates Apologie. Kriton. Euthydemos. Menexenos. Gorgias. Menon. Bearb. von H. Hofmann.--3. Bd. Phaidon. Das Gastmahl. Kratylos. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--4. Bd. Politeia. Der Staat. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--5. Bd. Phaidros. Parmenides. Briefe. Bearb. von D. Kurz.--6. Bd. Theaitetos. Der Sophist. Der Staatsmann. Bearb. von P. Staudacher.--7. Bd. Timaios, Kritias. Philebos. Bearb. von K. Widdra.--8. Bd. Nomōn. Gesetze. Bearb. von K. Schöpsdau. 2 v.

Delusions have traditionally been considered the hallmark of mental illness, and their conception, diagnosis and treatment raise many of the fundamental conceptual and practical questions of psychopathology. One of these fundamental questions is whether delusions are understandable. In this paper, we propose to consider the question of understandability of delusions from a philosophy of language perspective. For this purpose, we frame the question of how delusions can be understood as a question about the meaning of delusional utterances. Accordingly, we ask: (...) “what meaning(s) can delusional utterances possibly have?”. We argue that in the current literature, there is a standard approach to the meaning of delusional utterances, namely the descriptive account which assumes that a delusional utterance “p” means that p is the case. Drawing on Speech Act Theory, we argue that solely relying on the descriptive account disregards essential ways of how linguistic meaning is constituted. Further, we show that Speech Act Theory can prove a helpful addition to the theoretical and clinical “toolbox” used for attempting to understand delusional utterances. This, we believe, may address some of the theoretical and clinical shortcomings of using only the currently predominant descriptive account. (shrink)

Mit diesem Buch tritt ein Autor, der mit der sprachanalytischen Philosophie ebenso vertraut ist wie mit den modernen Entwicklungen der theoretischen Sprachwissenschaft, der gängigen Meinung entgegen und versucht zu zeigen, daß die Wittgensteinsche Auffassung von der Sprache, der zufolge die Sprache eine Form sozialen Lebens ist, nicht unverträglich ist mit einer kognitiven Sprachtheorie, der zufolge die Sprache eine Form biologischen Lebens ist und in Analogie zu einem Organ gesehen werden kann. Bei dem Versuch, die scheinbar konträren Sprachauffassungen Chomskys und Wittgensteins (...) miteinander zu versöhnen, werden der Erklärungsanspruch Chomskys und der Beschreibungsanspruch Wittgensteins auf komplementäre Problemstellungen und unterschiedliche wissenschaftliche Verfahren relativiert. (shrink)

Absorbing biography of the creative and destructive scientific genius and tragic life of Andr?-Marie Amp're.

‘Language and End Time’ is a translation of Sections I, IV and V of ‘Sprache und Endzeit’, a substantial essay by Günther Anders that was published in eight instalments in the Austrian journal FORVM from 1989 to 1991. The original essay was planned for inclusion in the third volume of The Obsolescence of Human Beings. ‘Language and End Time’ builds on the diagnosis of ‘our blindness toward the apocalypse’ that was advanced in the first volume of The Obsolescence in 1956. (...) The essay asks if there is a language that is capable of making us fully comprehend the looming ‘man-made apocalypse’. In response to this, it offers a critique of philosophical jargon and of the putatively ‘objective’ language of science, which are both dismissed as unsuitable. Sections I, IV and V introduce this core problematic. The selection of this text for inclusion in this special journal issue responds to present-day realities that inscribe Anders’s reflections on nuclear science and the nuclear situation into new contexts. The critique that ‘Language and End Time’ advances resonates with the way in which the decisions of a few companies and individuals are shaping the future of life on earth. At the same time, the wider stakes of Anders’s turn against the language employed by scientists are newly laid bare by the realities and politics of climate change and fake news. In this new context, the language of science is all too readily dismissed as if it were a mere idiom that can be ignored without consequence. It is against the backdrop of a future that is, if anything, more uncertain than at the time of Anders’s writing, that the essay’s reflections on popularisation, the limits of language and the nature of truth gain added significance. (shrink)

There has been a significant increase in the use of radiological services in the past 30 years. There are many reasons for this, but one has received little attention: the increased role of patient autonomy in healthcare. Patients demand x rays, CT scans, MRI, and positron emission tomography scans. The key question in this article is how a moral principle, such as respect for patient autonomy, can influence the extension of radiological services. A literature review reveals how patient autonomy is (...) acknowledged in radiology, and how it is used both to explain and to justify the increase in radiological examinations. Furthermore, it also shows how the premises favouring patients’ exercise of their autonomy are not always present, which makes patient autonomy subject to adverse side effects and even abuse. Patient autonomy can be used to reduce the professionals’ responsibility for radiological examinations , to increase the popularity of the profession , to increase the income of the professionals or their institutions, and to promote professional activity. Patient autonomy intended to reduce paternalism, to legitimise otherwise morally unjustifiable actions , and to protect patients, can easily be used as a moral means for opposite ends. These adverse effects are not peculiar to radiology. However, they emerge particularly clearly in explanations and justifications of the substantial increase in radiological services, as well as in debates on overuse of radiological services. (shrink)

Friedrich Nietzsche has emerged as one of the most important and influential modern philosophers. For several decades, the book series Monographien und Texte zur Nietzsche-Forschung (MTNF) has set the agenda in a rapidly growing and changing field of Nietzsche scholarship. The scope of the series is interdisciplinary and international in orientation reflects the entire spectrum of research on Nietzsche, from philosophy to literary studies and political theory. The series publishes monographs and edited volumes that undergo a strict peer-review process. The (...) book series is led by an international team of editors, whose work represents the full range of current Nietzsche scholarship. (shrink)

Following decades of neglect, the work of the German Jewish philosopher, literary author, cultural critic, and poet Günther Anders (1902–1992) is gaining increasing recognition in the English-speaking world. This translation of “Résistance heute” (Resistance Today) makes one of Anders’s most programmatic and polemical short texts available. Published at the height of his anti-nuclear activism, “Resistance Today” is the written version of a speech Anders delivered in November 1962 upon acceptance of the northwest Italian city of Omegna’s Resistance Prize (other notable (...) recipients included Jean-Paul Sartre and Frantz Fanon). It first appeared in print in the West German left-wing journal Das Argument in November 1963. Clearly written for the occasion, the text condenses (and often further radicalizes) key premises about the end of history, the amoral character of work, and the continuity between Nazi totalitarianism, the nuclear age and the world of consumerism that are developed in great nuance across a range of books that Anders had recently published. Key co-ordinates include: Die Antiquiertheit des Menschen 1 (The Obsolescence of Human Beings 1, 1956), his groundbreaking critique of technology; Der Mann auf der Brücke (The Man on the Bridge, 1959), a philosophical travel diary occasioned by Anders’s 1958 visit to Japan and his participation at the World Conference Against Atomic and Hydrogen Bombs in Tokyo; Burning Conscience (1961), a correspondence with the American reconnaissance pilot Claude Eatherly, who scouted the target area before the Enola Gay went on to drop the atom bomb on Hiroshima. It seems likely that Burning Conscience, which turned into an international bestseller, occasioned the award of the prize. (shrink)

Is technology value-free or is it value-laden? How does technology affect human autonomy? These questions, viewed within the context of medicine, are the focus of attention in this article. The central argument is that we need neither to subscribe to the value-neutrality dictum nor to the all-encompassing value-ladenness thesis to explain the pertinent position of technology in medicine. Technology is constitutive of and strongly implicated in difficult questions of value. This, however, does not mean that technology is identical to (or (...) neutral to) these value-laden questions. Technology poses issues of value, but only some of these relate to technology qua technology. Hence, it makes a difference whether we discuss general questions of value posed by technology or whether we discuss the value-ladenness of technology. Admitting technological value-ladenness does not imply that we are subject to a technological imperative that reduces our autonomy, on the contrary, it explains how technology increases our responsibility. This is particularly prominent in medicine. (shrink)

Resumo: Martin Heidegger desenvolveu uma análise da metafísica e da tecnologia que questionava radicalmente seus pressupostos ontológicos. Contudo, para Peter Sloterdijk, autor de uma revisão do motivo da clareira heideggeriana intitulada Domesticação do ser: clarificando a clareira, Heidegger padece daquilo mesmo que ele critica: uma pendência para a ontologia clássica que, desde pelo menos Platão e Aristóteles, separa o ser e o nada, basila o princípio de bivalência na lógica, excluindo qualquer terceira possibilidade, e permite os dualismos constitutivos da metafísica. (...) Seguindo o antropólogo Bruno Latour, o qual evidenciara que “modernidade” não é senão uma crença na cisão entre os polos de forma e matéria, sujeito e objeto, natureza e cultura, também Sloterdijk vai atribuir a Heidegger a pendência à ontologia clássica, elevada ao nível da cisão entre o ôntico e o ontológico. Diante disso, o que sugere Sloterdijk? Uma alternativa à ontologia clássica na cibernética de Wiener e Günther, reatando os laços, desfeitos por Heidegger, entre ontologia e antropologia. Este trabalho tem por intenção articular a crítica de Sloterdijk, a investigação de Latour e a revisão ontológicológica de Günther, a fim de assentar bases para compreensão do projeto sloterdijkiano de se pensar a antropologia a partir de pressupostos cibernéticos.: Martin Heidegger developed an analysis of metaphysics and technology that questioned its ontological presupositions. However, Peter Sloterdijk, author of a revision of the Heideggerian clearing, under the title of Domestication of being: clarifying the clearing, argues that Heidegger suffers from the same illness he criticizes: an abeyance relative to classical ontology, which, after Plato and Aristotle, separated Being and Nothingness, grounded the logical bivalence, excluding any third possibility, and allowing for the metaphysical dualisms. Following the anthropologist Bruno Latour, who has showed that “Modernity” is a belief in the split between the poles of form and matter, of subject and object, of nature and culture, Sloterdijk also assigns to Heidegger the dependence on classical ontology on the level of the split between ontological and ontic. In this respect, what does Sloterdijk suggest? An alternative to classical ontology in the cybernetics of Wiener and Günther, in order to reattach the links broken by Heidegger between ontology and anthropology. This work aims to articulate Sloterdijk’s critique, Latour’s enquiry and Günther’s ontological-logical revision, in order to open field for an understanding on the Sloterdijkian project of thinking anthropology from cybernetical hypotheses. (shrink)